e74479a9-4a62-45c5-b4cb-1df113e05109 2-3 wire PC Strand The Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) represents the environmental performance of the representative product ’’2-3 wire PC Strand'', where "PC" stands for Prestressed Concrete. 2-3 wire PC Strand consists of a group of two or three high tensile strength cold drawn wires spun together in helical form over a theoretical common axis in one layer with uniform pitch. Technical Specifications ParameterSpecification or ValuesDiameter RangeØ 4.00 – 7.50 mmStandardprEN 10138 – UNI 7676Steel Grade1770 – 1860 – 1960 – 2060 – 2160 MPaCoil Dimensions – Large Coil ParameterValuesInner Diameter (A)Ø 800 – 900 mmOuter Diameter (B)Ø 1,550 mm maxHeight (L)500 – 550 – 760 mmWeight Range1,200 – 3,000 kgLength12,900 – 19,500 – 32,000 mCoil Dimensions – Small Coil ParameterValuesInner Diameter (A)Ø 300 – 310 mmOuter Diameter (B)Ø 550 mm maxHeight (L)185 – 190 – 200 – 210 mmWeight Range120 – 200 kgLengthOn demand  The quality level of geographical representativity can be considered “good,” the quality level of technical representativity can be considered “good,” and the temporal representativity can also be considered “good.” Therefore, the overall data quality for this EPD can be classified as “good.” The owner of this EPD shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. The programme operator Kiwa-Ecobility Experts, third party verifier shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer data, life cycle assessment data and evidence. To ensure comparability of results, only consistent background data from the ecoinvent database version 3.9.1 was used in the life cycle assessment (e.g. datasets for energy, transport, auxiliary and operating materials), which refer to the reference year 2022. The database is regularly reviewed and thus meets the requirements of EN 15804 (background data not older than 10 years). All consistent datasets contained in the ecoinvent database are documented and can be accessed in the ecoinvent online documentation. This EPD is developed in accordance with EN 15804. It follows the Polluter Pays Principle, assigning environmental impacts to the responsible entity. It also applies the Modularity Principle, ensuring that impacts are reported in the specific life cycle stage in which they occur, supporting transparency, accountability, and comparability across product systems. 0 2031 All primary data were collected during the accounting period (01.01.2024 – 31.12.2024).For demolition work (C1), the estimated value of 0.001 litres of diesel per kg of steel was used. The value comes from the average consumption of demolition machines in the European Union (Eurostat database). 2026-02-25 European Union Siderurgica Latina Martin converts high-carbon wire rod into finished products through an integrated manufacturing process, starting from in-house acid pickling and pre-coating, followed by cold wire drawing, stranding, thermo-mechanical treatment, and concluding with rewinding and packaging. Pickling – The wire rod is pickled to remove mill scale from its surface through a chemical descaling process. After pickling, the wire is pre-coated with a carrier to facilitate the adhesion of lubricant during the wire drawing process. Cold drawing – The wire rod is cold drawn through dry wire-drawing machines using a series of 9 to 11 lubricated dies, reducing the cross-sectional area and achieving the required mechanical properties. Winding of drawn wire into spools – The cold-drawn wire is wound into spools. Spools unwinding – A set of two or three spools is placed into stranding machines, where the wires are synchronously unwound and stranded. Stranding – The stranding machines twist the drawn wires together to form a 2-wire or 3-wire strand, consisting of two or three wires helically spun over a common axis, in one layer and with uniform pitch. Thermo-mechanical treatment – The strand is subjected to a thermo-mechanical process in which it is continuously heated under tension to relieve residual drawing stresses and reduce relaxation losses. Winding of strand into a master coil – The finished strand is wound into a master coil. Master coil rewinding and coiling – The master coil is rewound into individual finished coils according to the required lengths and packaging specifications. The product is  mostly intended  for the construction industries to produce precast concrete elements, rock & soil anchors, concrete poles as well as for pre-stressing and post-tensioning applications. Product Picture EPD Kiwa-Ecobility Experts (Kiwa-EE) – General Program Instructions "Product Level" (2025-06-03) ecoinvent 3.6 database Reference to original EPD Lucas Pedro Berman Senda EN 15804+A2 ISO 14025 2026-03-18T14:10:26+00:00 ILCD format 1.1 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 01.00.000 Kiwa-Ecobility Experts, Kiwa GmbH (Berlin) EPD-Kiwa-EE-234959-EN SIDERURGICA LATINA MARTIN true Free of charge for all users and uses None. Kiwa-Ecobility Experts, Kiwa GmbH (Berlin) 2-3 wire PC Strand General reminder flow Output 1.0 kg Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) General reminder flow Input 1 0.68368608650683 0.018768863003186 0.094736857130606 0.79719180664062 0.00026468427010623 0.0015177729597417 0 1.28203001168E-5 0.024461987670178 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) General reminder flow Input 1 0.104028701722 0 0 0.104028701722 0 0 0 0 0 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) General reminder flow Input 1 10.142495106817 1.253788882433 2.6185191933374 14.014803182587 0.046523439491926 0.10752297369119 0 0.0015143759615443 -1.6653601594175 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) General reminder flow Input 1 0 0 0.0347 0.0347 0 0 0 0 0 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) General reminder flow Input 1 0.870602833044 0 0.0026061702290271 0.87320900327303 0 0 0 0 0 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) General reminder flow Input 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) General reminder flow Input 1 0.0079221271532696 0.00017362078471994 0.0021289415408909 0.01022468947888 3.65253370591E-6 2.5949154887317E-5 0 1.60780718041E-6 -0.0028173399741049 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.0012333816313503 7.8693344968816E-6 0.0010094651761381 0.0022507161419853 3.13106348955E-7 6.84592140505E-7 0 8.02352584E-9 -2.7278025210784E-5 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.24424326397885 0.057507539537265 0.037496783633176 0.33924758714929 6.6558901719205E-5 0.0070951989322739 0 0.0099976556532733 0.019452962308787 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) General reminder flow Output 1.0 2.2278409365544E-5 3.8997306988463E-7 3.8926849979065E-6 2.6561067433335E-5 5.096794938E-9 2.45697479815E-8 0 2.2370106E-10 8.7459035511129E-7 kg Components for re-use (CRU) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.0013494982641 0 0.00098044124015999 0.00232993950426 0 0 0.94 0 0 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0 0 0.006246 0.006246 0 0 0 0 0 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0 0 0.010757 0.010757 0 0 0 0 0 MJ Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisches Abbaupotenzial fossiler Ressourcen (ADPF) Uitputting van fossiele energiedragers (ADPF) 10.161091813036 1.2537679631019 2.6534273464431 14.068287122581 0.046523205781232 0.1073591493618 0 0.0015142487340191 -1.6652700147826 MJ Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Treibhauspotenzial - gesamt (GWP-gesamt) Klimaatverandering - totaal (GWP-totaal) 0.75801109200871 0.089409790802868 0.19577166432089 1.0431925471325 0.0035532510132701 0.0075246190099133 0 6.0827638617941E-5 -0.17638782061282 kg CO2-eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Treibhauspotenzial - fossile Brennstoffe (GWP-fossil) Klimaatverandering - fossiele brandstoffen (GWP-fossiel) 0.74498371792592 0.089336913823938 0.19529985550669 1.0296204872565 0.0035523573902763 0.007495457759096 0 6.076440560152E-5 -0.17661911095253 kg CO2-eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Treibhauspotenzial - biogen (GWP-biogen) Klimaatverandering - biogeen (GWP-biogeen) 0.012900554278299 2.7619834239329E-5 0.0003944412523896 0.013322615364928 4.93832410659E-7 2.4418712087105E-6 0 2.654079904E-8 0.00021341284421462 kg CO2-eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Treibhauspotenzial - Landnutzung und Landnutzungsänderung (GWP-luluc) Klimaatverandering - landgebruik en verandering in landgebruik (GWP-luluc) 0.00036791651557888 4.5257144689683E-5 7.7367727637825E-5 0.00049054138790639 3.99790583131E-7 2.6719379608658E-5 0 3.669221738E-8 1.787749549879E-5 kg CO2-eqv. Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Abbaupotential der stratosphärischen Ozonschicht (ODP) Ozonlaagaantasting (ODP) 1.3745324149315E-8 1.8993509880639E-9 4.4719772807211E-9 2.01166524181E-8 5.6500965E-11 1.33374641E-10 0 1.7586E-12 -5.5933285096883E-9 kg CFC 11 eqv. Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Versauerungspotential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Verzuring (AP) 0.0025661131223381 0.00046596819228577 0.0010870394354701 0.004119120750094 3.2925132665844E-5 3.588873038521E-5 0 4.5790571489E-7 -0.00057344286960819 mol H+ eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Eutrophierungspotential - Süßwasser (EP-Süßwasser) Vermesting - zoetwater (EP-zoetwater) 0.00012247571821616 6.8800783398493E-7 3.5154596920067E-6 0.00012667918574215 1.2828153778E-8 7.456695569E-8 0 5.9272922E-10 4.1237890685936E-6 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Eutrophierungspotential - Marine (EP-Marine) Vermesting - marien (EP-marien) 0.00059915026126589 0.00014065323337137 9.8114420675359E-5 0.00083791791531262 1.5243196336358E-5 1.3639506888003E-5 0 1.7482730926E-7 -0.00011408991742807 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Eutrophierungspotential - terrestrisch (EP-terrestrisch) Vermesting - terrestrisch (EP-terrestrisch) 0.0062410753777654 0.0015220342733188 0.0011061432109755 0.0088692528620597 0.00016589398431393 0.00014547733591609 0 1.88380880345E-6 -0.001690475497604 mol N eqv. Formation potential of tropospheric ozone (POCP) Bildungspotential von troposphärischem Ozon (POCP) Smogvorming (POCP) 0.0018409630520678 0.0005494745355111 0.00055182522175721 0.0029422628093361 4.9132893278626E-5 4.96630828971E-5 0 6.5579530344E-7 -0.0011050284428365 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisches Abbaupotenzial für nicht fossile Ressourcen (ADPE) Uitputting van abiotische grondstoffen, ex fossiele energiedragers (ADPE) 2.0380970421143E-6 2.7202219737935E-7 3.5334076924961E-7 2.6634600087433E-6 1.24002979E-9 2.3475346776001E-8 0 8.438082E-11 2.4041784305398E-7 kg Sb-eqv Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Wasser-(Nutzer-)Entzugspotenzial (WDP) Watergebruik (WDP) 0.27112483872531 0.004962281105898 0.079149228798507 0.35523634862972 0.00010026041596194 0.00058628064344015 0 6.689550296336E-5 -0.1391530295481 m3 world eqv. Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Potenzielle Inzidenz von Krankheiten aufgrund von PM-Emissionen (PM) Fijnstof emissie (PM) 1.6263221205379E-8 6.7539662681466E-9 4.607657083862E-9 2.7624844557388E-8 9.17903654E-10 7.401079515E-10 0 1.001513E-11 -1.4829177667202E-8 disease incidence Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Potenzielle Expositionseffizienz des Menschen im Verhältnis zu U235 (IRP) Ioniserende straling (IRP) 0.013922897444431 0.00060475262826908 0.0055001148640976 0.020027764936798 9.511189891866E-6 4.1887856821105E-5 0 4.0018422562E-7 0.0013257603759752 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Potentielle vergleichende toxische Einheit für Ökosysteme (ETP-fw) Ecotoxiciteit (zoetwater) (ETP-fw) 1.666258167718 0.61862341409902 0.38475453548603 2.669636117303 0.022232260176448 0.079232187452817 0 0.00071084244258406 0.72746130524403 CTUe Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Potenzielle vergleichende toxische Einheit für den Menschen - Krebswirkungen (HTP-c) Humane toxiciteit, carcinogeen (HTP-c) 7.9842369100447E-9 4.0407841990751E-11 1.5642642584934E-10 8.1810711778848E-9 1.087904E-12 3.97031E-12 0 2.586E-14 6.7736829158291E-10 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Potentielle vergleichende toxische Einheit für den Menschen – nicht krebserregende Wirkungen (HTP-nc) Humane toxiciteit, non-carcinogeen (HTP-nc) 3.9811726659763E-9 8.4945822649163E-10 1.2966982546085E-9 6.1273291470764E-9 7.56435E-12 8.62425365E-11 0 3.2379E-13 9.1399075977093E-9 CTUh Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Potenzieller Bodenqualitätsindex (SQP) Landgebruik gerelateerde impact / bodemkwaliteit (SQP) 0.79996864336335 0.70434388457698 0.54112518426045 2.0454377122008 0.0031339613939108 0.08473077865087 0 0.0030066061693353 -0.2917948744974 unitless