3cd4ab0f-fadb-43f0-8a9f-28b7a845314b Bench BB29 and BB30 In this EPD the declared product group is bench BB29 and BB30, with the declared unit 1 piece bench of 1 meter. BB29 and BB30 have a similar build with the difference that BB30 has a built-in shoe rack.  The bench consists of the following parts: a steel frame with powder-coated surface finish, wooden planks with a clear lacquer coating, screws, pop rivets and end covers of plastic. The wooden planks are made of one of the following wood types: birch, oak, pine or beech.      This EPD refers to a worst case product, which is the bench BB30 with the built-in shoe rack. The one with the highest weight was used in this EPD for the worst case. The products were grouped together since they are similar in material and application.    ComponentWeight %MaterialFrame 86.35Steel Planks12.72WoodLacquer0.31Steel Screws0.34SteelPop rivet0.13Aluminum/SteelEnd cover0.15 Plastic The benches BB29 and BB30 are available in lengths ranging from 500 mm to 3000 mm. Length increases occur in steps of 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, and 500 mm.    All data that is specific to the product and process was provided by the manufacturer for the operating year 2024 and is therefore up-to-date. The manufacturer and their production is located in Karlstad, Sweden.   Background data was taken from the Ecoinvent 3.9.1 database. The database is regularly checked and thus complies with the requirements of ISO 14040/44 (background data not older than 10 years). The background data meets the requirements of EN 15804. The general rule was followed that specific data from specific production processes or average data derived from specific processes must be given priority when calculating an EPD or Life Cycle Assessment. Data for processes that the manufacturer cannot influence or choose, were backed up with generic data. The scenarios included are currently in use and are representative for one of the most likely scenario alternatives. According to the criteria of the "UN Environmental Global Guidance on LCA database development" mentioned in EN 15804+A2, the data quality for all three representativeness categories (geographical, technical and time) can be described as good. The following estimates and assumptions have been made for this EPD.  The values for the energy and packaging material are based on the values and information given from the producer.  The corrugated cardboard, bubble wrap and part of the packaging film for the bench have a constant value. The value of 1 meter bench BB30 has been used in this EPD. The EUR-flat pallet use has been based on the lowest number of benches that fit on a pallet, with the impact distributed proportionally. The packaging film and the plastic separation layer used for the pallet have been calculated using the same method as for the EUR-pallet.  The transportation of A3 is the delivery of the cut wooden boards to the supplier. The distance to the supplier and the weight of the cut wooden boards have been used. The energy consumption for welding was estimated based on the length of welding distance for the bench BB30. The number of screws, pop rivets and end covers represents the average amount across the different bench lengths. The calculations have been performed in accordance with the “polluter pays” and “modularity” principles, as defined in EN 15804+A2. 0 2031 All relevant data was collected for the calendar year 2024, January to December. 2026-09-18 European Union The bench is delivered fully assembled and does not require any on-site construction. The main purpose of the bench is to provide a place to sit while changing clothes e.g. in a sports facility. The main customers of the manufacturer are other businesses. Product Flow Diagram Product Picture EPD Kiwa-Ecobility Experts (Kiwa-EE) – General Program Instructions "Product Level" (2025-06-03) ecoinvent 3.6 database Reference to original EPD Lucas Pedro Berman Senda EN 15804+A2 ISO 14025 2026-09-30T07:03:34+00:00 ILCD format 1.1 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 01.00.000 Kiwa-Ecobility Experts, Kiwa GmbH (Berlin) EPD-Kiwa-EE-247890-EN AB Byggbeslag true Free of charge for all users and uses None. Kiwa-Ecobility Experts, Kiwa GmbH (Berlin) Bench BB29 and BB30 General reminder flow Output 1.0 Item(s) Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 33.864925465206 0.52119779500408 69.208082234858 103.59420549507 0.22219764492598 3.3772546706741 0.020828406049703 0.012165867832994 0.0008363317142191 -52.542761887972 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 19.1823885 76.743359875 95.925748375 2.87777245125 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resources (PERT) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 53.047313965206 0.52119779500408 145.95144210986 199.51995387007 0.22219764492598 6.2550271219241 0.020828406049703 0.012165867832994 0.0008363317142191 -52.542761887972 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 175.43215252326 24.367468195678 55.261536591462 255.0611573104 14.318322180871 11.901109142727 1.4755385593605 0.19013104913372 0.05017696946022 -80.383963721459 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 2.6158093 27.02182465 29.63763395 0.8891290185 -0.95401518626025 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resources (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 178.04796182326 24.367468195678 82.283361241462 284.6987912604 14.318322180871 12.790238161227 1.4755385593605 0.19013104913372 0.05017696946022 -81.337978907719 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 1.88222403802 1.88222403802 0.0564667211406 kg Use of net fresh water (FW) General reminder flow Input 10.8855397 0.10529594967878 0.0043213045927676 0.060840534726601 0.17045778899815 0.0022268652916454 0.010381565917741 0.00037932735059861 0.00067021112832959 5.3537308804649E-5 0.048477388777526 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.0016329128762004 0.00015471494654184 0.00014618388016168 0.0019338117029039 9.116157248436E-5 8.0449611927686E-5 9.3946620752745E-6 1.4389907602847E-6 2.5345886062125E-7 -0.0013100375559348 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) General reminder flow Output 1.0 3.5283932278389 0.80049671534032 0.88905953916477 5.217949482344 0.69976123699904 5.9878336820506 0.097367458695702 1.386599447796 0.23422469063989 1.2491324696823 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) General reminder flow Output 1.0 9.3755534714596E-5 1.1751639554958E-5 0.00011367918449577 0.00021918635876532 4.6534699770238E-6 1.1413111792952E-5 3.3717103360828E-7 2.6681519709452E-7 1.609281740967E-8 6.2314620256155E-5 kg Components for re-use (CRU) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.0138885 0.46295 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.010283625 0.010283625 0.74892517515 8.81829513 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.440235816075 0.440235816075 18.955883771107 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) General reminder flow Output 1.0 0.7581839054625 0.7581839054625 32.646244272462 MJ Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisches Abbaupotenzial fossiler Ressourcen (ADPF) Uitputting van fossiele energiedragers (ADPF) 177.98362647382 24.367267386917 82.27810550929 284.62899937003 14.318111269848 12.78541283364 1.4732904290643 0.19013369689055 0.05017316297785 -81.330797473861 MJ Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Treibhauspotenzial - gesamt (GWP-gesamt) Klimaatverandering - totaal (GWP-totaal) 15.121596359824 1.734172765451 -5.1903178014007 11.665451323874 1.0042830517667 11.199345833407 0.10326037369976 2.5569640445477 0.24039557206314 -8.1942261060656 kg CO2-eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Treibhauspotenzial - fossile Brennstoffe (GWP-fossil) Klimaatverandering - fossiele brandstoffen (GWP-fossiel) 17.32183881657 1.7324744358216 3.5277709730864 22.582084225478 1.0034711248275 2.4124129756935 0.10286019403281 0.49996968642178 0.0024206393680477 -8.2041308022914 kg CO2-eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Treibhauspotenzial - biogen (GWP-biogen) Klimaatverandering - biogeen (GWP-biogeen) -2.2730401928683 0.00069367347445533 -8.7299190950168 -11.002265614411 0.00032130124104228 8.7837082448291 3.3509827687949E-5 2.0569843159237 0.23797336725301 0.010719123841017 kg CO2-eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Treibhauspotenzial - Landnutzung und Landnutzungsänderung (GWP-luluc) Klimaatverandering - landgebruik en verandering in landgebruik (GWP-luluc) 0.072797120882527 0.0010046589195831 0.011830358521446 0.085632138323556 0.00049058203473404 0.0032245980631767 0.00036667016912729 1.0042576069361E-5 1.565496724302E-6 -0.00081440267924832 kg CO2-eqv. Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Abbaupotential der stratosphärischen Ozonschicht (ODP) Ozonlaagaantasting (ODP) 3.641989639986E-7 3.7677594771063E-8 5.4359133266271E-8 4.5623569203593E-7 2.1965497568983E-8 5.9910299473767E-8 1.8303010046333E-9 1.7000027014272E-9 5.5821118145045E-11 -3.5327946504299E-7 kg CFC 11 eqv. Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Versauerungspotential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Verzuring (AP) 0.069672786503098 0.0036866664363417 0.017337262627251 0.090696715566691 0.0041543881099849 0.0056331953617073 0.00049250120273152 0.000417246579064 1.6157276086689E-5 -0.030700650361143 mol H+ eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Eutrophierungspotential - Süßwasser (EP-Süßwasser) Vermesting - zoetwater (EP-zoetwater) 0.0014041508541193 1.6500998851626E-5 0.00023149982343767 0.0016521516764086 8.0827222145674E-6 5.7267744398305E-5 1.0232825203134E-6 4.3363735310183E-7 3.4973998058195E-8 0.00043322368578351 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Eutrophierungspotential - Marine (EP-Marine) Vermesting - marien (EP-marien) 0.015856153274174 0.0008341551668902 0.0042828839307617 0.020973192371826 0.0015717610559733 0.0018059955307312 0.00018717496248982 0.00019205943440716 9.9953928384862E-6 -0.0069019853921358 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Eutrophierungspotential - terrestrisch (EP-terrestrisch) Vermesting - terrestrisch (EP-terrestrisch) 0.17904911674136 0.0087178143987265 0.046784872033585 0.23455180317367 0.016917898216446 0.020028339621182 0.0019963855804346 0.0021930799995583 6.4913172336465E-5 -0.11836857927685 mol N eqv. Formation potential of tropospheric ozone (POCP) Bildungspotential von troposphärischem Ozon (POCP) Smogvorming (POCP) 0.089023002491999 0.0054637158790541 0.021111988017512 0.11559870638857 0.0060828000283046 0.0072445470506226 0.00068152647209077 0.00058071088050505 2.5368111138174E-5 -0.057095713977363 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisches Abbaupotenzial für nicht fossile Ressourcen (ADPE) Uitputting van abiotische grondstoffen, ex fossiele energiedragers (ADPE) 2.1080785071785E-5 7.4391500386554E-6 1.6002598132256E-5 4.4522533242696E-5 3.2440154721723E-6 2.7826522375628E-6 3.221520817649E-7 5.501590498029E-8 4.266488440865E-9 1.5953396532581E-5 kg Sb-eqv Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Wasser-(Nutzer-)Entzugspotenzial (WDP) Watergebruik (WDP) 3.7662507658011 0.11663553511551 2.3205252428219 6.2034115437385 0.066373291153542 0.29800144395122 0.0090428830458233 0.0035276017660268 0.0021713121097286 0.81818979468295 m3 world eqv. Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Potenzielle Inzidenz von Krankheiten aufgrund von PM-Emissionen (PM) Fijnstof emissie (PM) 1.4262414374516E-6 9.3477631251244E-8 2.8141422495442E-7 1.8011332936573E-6 8.194939759008E-8 8.8765452465629E-8 1.0156781017744E-8 3.4028958334562E-9 3.4689533342351E-10 -7.8051532080571E-7 disease incidence Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Potenzielle Expositionseffizienz des Menschen im Verhältnis zu U235 (IRP) Ioniserende straling (IRP) 0.14167502037326 0.017093366881592 0.16583352910141 0.32460191635626 0.007178517141011 0.016568991409414 0.00057482714511947 0.00037063154598551 2.5728926769846E-5 0.094750997309258 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Potentielle vergleichende toxische Einheit für Ökosysteme (ETP-fw) Ecotoxiciteit (zoetwater) (ETP-fw) 73.088625830439 12.848012331522 16.850144718597 102.78678288056 7.0647856525586 22.676118903408 1.0873032280871 0.73497208412379 0.050547239331593 54.756450151902 CTUe Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Potenzielle vergleichende toxische Einheit für den Menschen - Krebswirkungen (HTP-c) Humane toxiciteit, carcinogeen (HTP-c) 1.0093345727848E-7 8.7288841721117E-10 1.230708358448E-8 1.1411342928017E-7 4.5847119101002E-10 5.1391228221489E-9 5.4484588128755E-11 9.1392195198607E-10 1.241707984605E-12 6.6349644140251E-8 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Potentielle vergleichende toxische Einheit für den Menschen – nicht krebserregende Wirkungen (HTP-nc) Humane toxiciteit, non-carcinogeen (HTP-nc) 1.107382877182E-7 1.692652745484E-8 3.4834301932208E-8 1.6249911710525E-7 1.0085566565007E-8 1.2552468349455E-8 1.1835068496872E-9 2.4695221325418E-9 3.3460877358855E-11 5.6782581248563E-7 CTUh Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Potenzieller Bodenqualitätsindex (SQP) Landgebruik gerelateerde impact / bodemkwaliteit (SQP) 281.49378306349 10.387553531774 784.62871143406 1076.5100480293 8.5277444736611 35.113194087466 1.1627609868876 0.058588105830514 0.10993669562521 -247.02984377694 unitless