Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | IT |
| Geographical representativeness description | European Union |
| Name |
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| Technical purpose of product or process | The product is mostly intended for the construction industries to produce precast concrete elements, rock & soil anchors, concrete poles as well as for pre-stressing and post-tensioning applications. |
| General comment on data set | The Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) represents the environmental performance of the representative product ’’2-3 wire PC Strand'', where "PC" stands for Prestressed Concrete. 2-3 wire PC Strand consists of a group of two or three high tensile strength cold drawn wires spun together in helical form over a theoretical common axis in one layer with uniform pitch. Technical Specifications ParameterSpecification or ValuesDiameter RangeØ 4.00 – 7.50 mmStandardprEN 10138 – UNI 7676Steel Grade1770 – 1860 – 1960 – 2060 – 2160 MPaCoil Dimensions – Large Coil ParameterValuesInner Diameter (A)Ø 800 – 900 mmOuter Diameter (B)Ø 1,550 mm maxHeight (L)500 – 550 – 760 mmWeight Range1,200 – 3,000 kgLength12,900 – 19,500 – 32,000 mCoil Dimensions – Small Coil ParameterValuesInner Diameter (A)Ø 300 – 310 mmOuter Diameter (B)Ø 550 mm maxHeight (L)185 – 190 – 200 – 210 mmWeight Range120 – 200 kgLengthOn demand The quality level of geographical representativity can be considered “good,” the quality level of technical representativity can be considered “good,” and the temporal representativity can also be considered “good.” Therefore, the overall data quality for this EPD can be classified as “good.” The owner of this EPD shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. The programme operator Kiwa-Ecobility Experts, third party verifier shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer data, life cycle assessment data and evidence. To ensure comparability of results, only consistent background data from the ecoinvent database version 3.9.1 was used in the life cycle assessment (e.g. datasets for energy, transport, auxiliary and operating materials), which refer to the reference year 2022. The database is regularly reviewed and thus meets the requirements of EN 15804 (background data not older than 10 years). All consistent datasets contained in the ecoinvent database are documented and can be accessed in the ecoinvent online documentation. This EPD is developed in accordance with EN 15804. It follows the Polluter Pays Principle, assigning environmental impacts to the responsible entity. It also applies the Modularity Principle, ensuring that impacts are reported in the specific life cycle stage in which they occur, supporting transparency, accountability, and comparability across product systems. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Biogenic carbon content | |
| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2031 |
| Time representativeness description | All primary data were collected during the accounting period (01.01.2024 – 31.12.2024).For demolition work (C1), the estimated value of 0.001 litres of diesel per kg of steel was used. The value comes from the average consumption of demolition machines in the European Union (Eurostat database). |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Siderurgica Latina Martin converts high-carbon wire rod into finished products through an integrated manufacturing process, starting from in-house acid pickling and pre-coating, followed by cold wire drawing, stranding, thermo-mechanical treatment, and concluding with rewinding and packaging. Pickling – The wire rod is pickled to remove mill scale from its surface through a chemical descaling process. After pickling, the wire is pre-coated with a carrier to facilitate the adhesion of lubricant during the wire drawing process. Cold drawing – The wire rod is cold drawn through dry wire-drawing machines using a series of 9 to 11 lubricated dies, reducing the cross-sectional area and achieving the required mechanical properties. Winding of drawn wire into spools – The cold-drawn wire is wound into spools. Spools unwinding – A set of two or three spools is placed into stranding machines, where the wires are synchronously unwound and stranded. Stranding – The stranding machines twist the drawn wires together to form a 2-wire or 3-wire strand, consisting of two or three wires helically spun over a common axis, in one layer and with uniform pitch. Thermo-mechanical treatment – The strand is subjected to a thermo-mechanical process in which it is continuously heated under tension to relieve residual drawing stresses and reduce relaxation losses. Winding of strand into a master coil – The finished strand is wound into a master coil. Master coil rewinding and coiling – The master coil is rewound into individual finished coils according to the required lengths and packaging specifications. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Environmental indicators